A recent lecture by leading Harvard geneticist David Reich unveiled that Early European Farmer ancestry in Northern Europeans is predominantly of Globular Amphora Culture (GAC) origin.
This means that we can more accurately model the two-way ancestry split between Proto-Indo-Europeans and Early European Farmers in Northern Europeans.
Northwestern Europe
Northeastern Europe
Interestingly, the GAC peoples (and their Funnelbeaker neighbors) appear to have had high levels of blondism, relative to other European Neolithic farmer populations, which did contain some blond people, but not a significant amount. This likely contributed to the lighter pigmentation of the Corded Ware peoples, who were a mix of Yamnaya-related Western Steppe Herders and GAC farmers.
- Pigmentation of (skin, hair, eyes) GAC and Funnelbeaker vs Scotland Megalithic farmers:
Something that should be taken into account is the fact that hunter-gatherer populations still inhabited Northern Europe until after the Indo-European expansion, so it’s likely that modern Northwestern and Northeastern Europeans have some additional ancestry from those peoples.
For example, the Corded Ware peoples who invaded Scandinavia (known as the ‘Battle Axe culture’) happily lived alongside Pitted Ware Culture for a long time, until the populations merged to form the population of the Nordic Bronze Age.
I’m not sure how accurate the below models are, they’re pretty much an educated guess. So, don’t take them as gospel, but I did notice a drop in Yamnaya ancestry when Scandi and Baltic hunter-gatherers are included.
Northwest
Northeast
Pigmentation data for the hunter-gatherer populations (Motala MHG = same population as Pitted Ware Culture).
P.S:
I’m currently writing another post showing how much ancestry all modern Europeans have inherited from three and four “basal” populations:
- Western European Hunter-Gatherer, Anatolian Farmer, and Western Steppe Herder
- Ancient North Eurasian, Western European Hunter-Gatherer, Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer, Anatolian Farmer
Thuletide 
This is very interesting. It would be nice to have some more posts/topics regarding European farmer as well as European hunter gatherers as well. In the WN sphere, there seems to be more of a focus on IE influence. Do you know a survive the jive equivalent for farmers/hunter gatherers? Thanks for all you do. 🙏👍
LikeLike
A guy called Stefan Milo made some nice documentaries on both, it’s less technical and more storytelling, which I prefer tbh. You can find them on YouTube. Other than that, I don’t really know. One of my older articles has very basic info on both HG and Farmers. I should probably edit/re-write it tbh but it’s here if you haven’t already seen it: https://thuletide.wordpress.com/2020/08/08/what-is-white-a-guide-for-complete-novices/
LikeLike
Hello Thuletide, I’ve got a question for you (since you seem well versed when it comes to race and ethnicity): is Hitler Austrian or German?
LikeLike
Austrian but he thought that Austria was part of Germany.
German population differs from North to South, with northern Germans being biologically closer to Dutch, Danes, etc. There is no real biological difference between Austrians and southern Germans. It’s like English vs Danish, or Scottish vs Irish.
LikeLiked by 1 person
I see. Does that mean that “German” doesn’t really work as a singular ethnic group? If some germans are more related to non germans than they are to other germans?
I believe this is what’s known in taxonomy as a paraphyletic group
LikeLike
Is it possible to Upload your results from gedmatch to vahaduo and compare your (my) “dna” to this Globular Amphora and Yamnaya? if so how because i can only compare national averages to GAC and YAM and not my own dna.
LikeLike
I guess it’s somehow possible but I don’t know enough about the software. I just mess around with the presets. Eurogenes would be able to advise you but he’s a pretty busy guy.
LikeLike
Why do finns have some much yamnaya ancestry, i thought they came with the finno-ugric invasion, which happend atleast 1000 years after the Indo-european invasion? thus finns would have high what Finno ugric would be?
LikeLike
AFAIK, Finns descend mostly from Corded Ware who moved into Finland from the West (something like 80%), but also have ancestry from Finno-Ugric peoples, who moved into Finland from the East. I don’t know much about Finnish history but I assume that the Finnic people imposed their language and culture on the region, which may explain why modern Finns have such high frequencies of Finnic N1c haplogroup. I’d guess that the Finnic peoples also had a lot of EHG or ANE ancestry that would register as Yamnaya in a 2 way model like that. But I have never looked into it before.
LikeLike